ABSTRACT

Covid-19 pandemic that is caused by the novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) has led to 203 million people to get sick and 4.3 million people to die all around the world. The most effective way of ending the pandemic is developing vaccines and ensuring effective vaccination. Inactivated vaccines which have been studied for a long time are the most conventional, trusted vaccine types. The way they generate immune response is through their virus content within the inactivated vaccine. Recombinant protein vaccines synthesize the viral proteins of the virus using the DNA technology. Virus like particles (VLP), aim to introduce antigenic structure through mimicry. Adenovirus vaccines are based on inserting the antigen-encoding gene into adenovirus. Synthetic peptide vaccines consist of amino acid sequences that mimic the immunogenic region of the pathogen with peptides. In mRNA vaccines, the aim is to provide in vivo expression of the viral protein inside the human cell. In this review, technologies and production methods of vaccines developed for Covid-19 were evaluated together with their distinct advantages and disadvantages.